3 Minutes of Deep Red Light Can Improve a Person’s Vision
Written by Robby Berman on December 4, 2021 — Fact checked by Anna Guildford, Ph.D.
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A study finds that a brief weekly exposure to red light can improve declining vision.
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The light “switches on” mitochondria in the retina.
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The finding has broad implications, because mitochondria are the cells’ energy source.
A study from researchers at University College London in the United Kingdom found that a brief application of the right kind of light can improve declining vision.
The study showed that a 3-minute exposure to deep red light in the morning once per week can improve vision that has declined due to aging, for up to 1 week.
The researchers began their investigation with flies and mice, before work with the study’s human participants began. Lead author Prof. Glen Jeffery told Medical News Today, “It does not really matter what the animal is or, to some extent, what the cell is, the light will impact.”
The deep red light the researchers used was a specific hue, with a wavelength of 670 nanometers.
Retinal mitochondria
Prof. Jeffery said the vision improvement that the study found results from the fact that “the lights we use influence mitochondria.” He explained their importance:
“These are highly conserved energy sources in cells — they are the cells’ batteries. The light increases the charge of the mitochondria and allows them to increase their energy output that has declined with age or disease.”
The chemical source of that energy is adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Eyesight declines after the age of 40 years and is linked with a 70% reduction in ATP, which means that the cells lack energy to function properly.
According to Prof. Jeffery, mitochondria in the eye in particular provide some unique research advantages:
“The great thing about the retina is that it has more mitochondria than any other organ, because it uses so much energy. On top of this, you have easy optical access — you can direct light right onto retinal mitochondria, which you can’t do to mitochondria in the liver or the kidney. Add to this the fact that the retina ages faster than any other organ, and you can simply test its function by asking people what they see, and you have a perfect target for red light therapy.”
Color contrast vision
The small study cohort of females and males ranged in age from 34 to 70 years. The researchers measured improvements in the participants’ vision by scoring their color contrast vision, or the ability to differentiate between colors. All the participants had normal color contrast vision at the start of the trial.
Some individuals were exposed to 3 minutes of deep red light in the morning, and others in the afternoon. The red light was roughly one camera stop brighter, or about twice as bright as the overall lighting in the testing area.
The color contrast vision of the participants was tested 3 hours after red light exposure, and again 1 week later.
The color contrast vision of the participants who were exposed to red light in the morning improved by an average of 17%.
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Timing is everything
The researchers found that the application of light must occur in the morning to have an effect.
They found no improvement in color contrast vision in the participants receiving light exposure in the afternoon.
One likely reason is that mitochondria follow the body’s circadian rhythm, and as Prof. Jeffery said of them, “They are probably busy doing other things in the afternoon.”
Another possibility has to do with energy requirements unique to early daytime. “Maybe it’s all about getting up in the morning and being ready to do things,” Prof. Jeffery speculated. “This draws energy that needs replacing. No matter what you do, [mitochondria] do not respond the rest of the day or at night.”
The study also revealed that 3 minutes is the optimal length for light exposure and that the vision improvement lasts up to 1 week.
Three minutes is as effective as a 45-minute exposure, “but use [it] for hours, and it does not work,” said Prof. Jeffery.
Far-ranging implications
The implications of the study extend beyond vision improvement, according to Prof. Jeffery:
“Mitochondria rule so many aspects of our lives, and we need a way to improve their health, particularly in aging. Red light use is now being applied in a large number of labs and also in clinical trials. It will likely provide us with a very simple and economic way of doing this with wide applicability.”
By way of example, he noted that red light has been shown to be neuroprotective in a monkey model of Parkinson’s disease.
“To give a wider context,” said Prof. Jeffery, “we are also working on bees, because some of the critically important insecticides, the neonicotinoids, work by damaging mitochondria and killing bees. We have used almost identical technology to protect them.”
What to know about vision loss
Vision loss refers to either complete or partial loss of vision. Depending on the cause, it may occur suddenly or gradually over time, and in one or both eyes. Some types of vision loss are temporary or reversible.
Vision loss is relatively common. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), vision problems are among the top 10 disabilities in adults, and one of the most prevalent disabilities in children.
The CDC estimate that 12 million people age 40 or older in the United States have some form of visual impairment, including over 1 million people who are blind.
Experts predict that this number could more than double by 2050 due to the rising rates of diabetes and other chronic diseases in the U.S., along with a rapidly aging population.
There are many possible causes of partial or complete vision loss, including medical conditions, injuries, migraine, and aging.
This article looks at different types of vision loss, the causes of sudden or gradual vision loss, treatments, and coping methods.
Types of vision loss
Vision loss is the term for losing the ability to see properly. There are different types of vision loss, and these can be caused by different diseases or conditions, including:
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central vision loss, or difficulty seeing things in the center of vision
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peripheral vision loss, or difficulty seeing things out of the corner of the eyes
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general vision loss, when a person may not be able to see anything at all
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night blindness, when a person has trouble seeing in low light
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blurry or hazy vision, when a person’s vision feels out of focus or like looking through a filter
A person may also find themselves unable to see shapes, or only able to see shadows.
Causes of sudden vision loss
Sudden vision loss is vision loss that occurs over a period of a few seconds or minutes to a few days. It can be caused by a variety of conditions.
Migraine
Many people who have migraine experience visual symptoms, known as migraine aura.
Around 25–30% of people with migraine have visual aura symptoms. For some, this involves seeing zig-zag lines, sparkles, or spots. For others, it involves tunnel vision, a complete loss of vision, or vision loss to the left or right side.
These visual disturbances are often, but not always, accompanied by a headache. They tend to last less than an hour, and typically persist for 10–30 minutes. Some are gone after a few seconds.
Treatment for migraine may involve painkillers and staying in a darkened room, away from bright lights and loud sounds.
Keratitis
Keratitis, or inflammation of the cornea, is a condition that may occur more frequently in people who wear contact lenses than those who do not.
Keratitis can be caused by an infection or injury to the eye. Symptoms include blurred vision, pain, sensitivity to light or vision loss.
This condition is temporary. A doctor will treat it with prescription medication.
Conjunctivitis
Also known as pinkeye, conjunctivitis can cause vision loss. Conjunctivitis is an infection or inflammation of the conjunctiva. It can also cause blurriness, redness, pain, or difficulty seeing.
Conjunctivitis is temporary and usually resolves on its own. For bacterial conjunctivitis, antibiotic eye drops may help
Eye strain
If a person stares at a screen for too long they may begin to lose vision and perceive things they are looking at are blurry.
This is usually temporary and can be resolved by taking time away from the screen and allowing the eyes to rest.
Practicing the 20-20-20 rule can help prevent eye strain. That means a person looks away from the screen every 20 minutes, at something 20 feet away, for 20 seconds.
Corneal abrasion
Injury to the eye can also cause sudden vision loss. Depending on how serious the injury is, this could be temporary or permanent and treatment may vary accordingly.
People may want to see an eye doctor to assess the severity of the eye injury.
Causes of gradual vision loss
Vision loss is not always sudden. Sometimes it can happen over a long period of time.
Age-related macular degeneration
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an eye disease that can impact a person’s central vision.
AMD is a leading cause of vision loss for people age 50 and older. This can occur very gradually or quite rapidly. For many people, they begin to see a blurry area near the center of their vision, which may increase in size over time.
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a group of diseases that damage the optic nerve, which is located in the back of a person’s eye.
The symptoms of glaucoma can happen so gradually that a person may not know they have it until they have an eye examination. It can occur in one or both eyes.
Without treatment, glaucoma can eventually cause blindness, beginning with the peripheral vision.
Doctors use a few different types of treatment for glaucoma, including medicines (usually eye drops), laser treatment, and surgery. Treatment cannot reverse damage already caused.
Diabetic retinopathy
Diabetic retinopathy is a condition causing vision loss and blindness in people with diabetes. It affects blood vessels in the retina, which is the light-sensitive layer of tissue in the back of the eye.
Anyone with any kind of diabetes can get diabetic retinopathy, so it is important that a person with diabetes have regular eye examinations to catch it early.
There are not always noticeable symptoms in the early stages. Treatment may involve medication, laser treatment, or surgery.
In 90% of cases , blindness related to diabetes is preventable. Left untreated, diabetic retinopathy can develop into total and permanent blindness.
When to see a doctor
Many types of visual impairment are preventable with early diagnosis and quick treatment.
If a person notices that they are losing vision they should book an appointment with their healthcare provider to get it checked out. It could be nothing to worry about, but it is best to get a professional opinion.
If symptoms of vision loss are accompanied by any of the following symptoms, a person should seek immediate medical attention:
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severe headache
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difficulty speaking
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facial drooping
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loss of muscle control on one side of the body
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severe eye pain
These could be signs of a stroke or another serious medical condition.
Diagnosis
If a person experiences sudden vision loss, it should be treated as a medical emergency, and they should seek medical attention quickly.
To diagnose vision loss, a doctor may conduct an eye examination. They may shine a light in the person’s eyes or ask them to read the letters on a chart to measure their vision.
Diagnosis may also include a neurological examination to test the function of the eyes and brain.
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Coping with vision loss
It can be difficult to cope with vision loss, especially if the loss is permanent. There are some things that a person can do to help themselves cope, and there also are some government services that can help.
A healthcare provider can help direct people to the appropriate resources. People may benefit from both physical and emotional support.
The American Foundation for the Blind provide some resources to help people manage new vision loss.
Ways to cope with partial or total vision loss can include:
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rearranging the home to make it easier to navigate
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applying for Social Security assistance
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talking therapy
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joining a support group
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learning Braille
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using a guide dog
Prevention
It is not always possible to prevent loss of vision, though people can take steps to look after their eye health.
People can practice good eye health by taking the following steps:
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Resting the eyes. Take a break from staring at a screen every 20 minutes to look at something about 20 feet away for 20 seconds.
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Wearing protective eyewear. Wear safety glasses or goggles when carrying out certain activities, like playing certain sports, doing construction work, or doing home repairs.
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Wearing sunglasses. Choose sunglasses that protect the eyes from 99–100% of both UVA and UVB radiation.
Getting regular eye exams, knowing your risk for eye diseases, eating well, and quitting smoking can also help protect the eyes.
Summary
Vision loss can have many causes. Temporary causes include migraine and conjunctivitis. Medical conditions, such as diabetic retinopathy and AMD, can lead to permanent vision loss.
There are often no warning signs or symptoms of eye disease. Early diagnosis and treatment of eye problems are the best ways to keep the eyes healthy, and it is important to seek medical attention if vision loss occurs.
4 eye exercises for double vision
Double vision, or diplopia, occurs when a person sees two images instead of one. Performing certain eye exercises may be able to reduce double vision in some cases.
When a person has double vision, the images they see may overlap, be separate, appear tilted, or be a combination of the three. Double vision is binocular if it affects both eyes or monocular if it affects one eye.
Certain conditions that cause double vision may improve when a person performs eye exercises. A person should speak with their doctor to see if doing eye exercises could help ease their double vision. They should also speak with a doctor to find out the cause of their double vision.
Keep reading for details on four exercises to try for reducing double vision, as well as some information on the causes and when to contact a doctor.
Eye exercises
Although eye exercises cannot help with every cause of double vision, the following exercises may help reduce symptoms for people who have convergence insufficiency.
This occurs when the eyes do not move together in unison when looking at objects at a close distance. This is due to the muscles controlling the eyes not bringing the eyes together enough.
The following exercises may prove beneficial to those with convergence insufficiency.
A person should try the following exercises three to four times per day for a maximum of 2 minutes each time.
1. Pen-to-nose convergence
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Hold a pen or similar object at arm’s length and focus on it.
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Bring the object slowly toward the nose while trying to keep it as one image.
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As soon as the object begins to split into two images, stop moving it and try to focus on making them back into one image again.
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Once the object returns to being one image, move it closer toward the nose again.
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Repeat these steps until it is not possible to refocus the two images into one.
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At this point, return the object to its original position and restart the exercise.
The goal of this exercise is for the person to be able to focus on the object comfortably while it is close to the nose.
2. Jump convergence
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Start by holding a pen or similar object in one hand while looking into the distance.
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Holding the object at arm’s length, bring the object into the line of sight.
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Refocus the eyes onto the object for a few seconds, then look back into the distance.
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Repeat these steps, bringing the object closer each time before looking at it and focusing on keeping it as a single image.
The purpose of this exercise is to help a person maintain single vision while switching between objects nearby and far away.
3. Dot card
For this exercise, a person will need a dot card from their orthoptist or doctor. A dot card is a piece of paper with dots down the middle at fixed intervals.
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Hold the card so that one end is touching the tip of the nose, tilting it down slightly.
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Focus on the dot that is the farthest away.
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Move the focus onto the next dot along, concentrating on keeping it as a single image.
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Hold focus on this dot for 10 seconds.
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Keep moving to the next dot along the card, gradually getting closer to the nose. If the dot becomes doubled, go back to the previous dot and try again.
As a person moves along the card, the dots before and after the one they are focusing on become double. This doubling of the image is normal and should not be concerning.
The aim of this exercise is to get to a point where the person can focus on the dot closest to the nose without it becoming two images.
4. Stereograms
To do this exercise, a person will need a stereogram from an orthoptist or doctor. A stereogram is a picture with two incomplete images on it that can overlap to form one complete image.
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Hold the stereogram at arm’s length in one hand.
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In the other hand, hold a pen or similar object in front of the stereogram.
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Concentrate on the top of the object, then slowly move it toward the nose.
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While focusing on the top of the object, be aware of the stereogram in the background.
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As the object gets closer to the nose, the stereogram should appear to split into two images.
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Once the object is about halfway toward the nose, the two split images should overlap to form a third image.
After a person has performed these eye exercises, it is important that they allow their eyes to relax. They can rest their eyes by closing them for a minute or by looking into the distance.
Causes of double vision
There are many conditions that can cause a person to experience double vision. These include:
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a squint, which causes the eyes to look in different directions
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problems with the shape of the cornea, such as keratoconus
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a refractive error, such as astigmatism
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corneal scarring
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a dislocated lens
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paralysis of the nerves that control the muscles that move the eye
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myasthenia gravis, which is an autoimmune condition that causes muscle weakness
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botulism, which is a serious illness caused by toxins that attack the nerves of the body
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Guillain-Barré syndrome, which is a condition that causes muscle weakness
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trauma to the head, eye socket, or eye muscles
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Graves’ disease, which is an autoimmune condition that causes hyperthyroidism, which causes a buildup of tissue behind the eyes
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a brain tumor
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a stroke
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inflammation or eye infection
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convergence insufficiency, wherein the eyes do not move together when looking at things at a close distance
However, eye exercises can only help with certain causes of double vision. For example, these exercises may not improve double vision that is not related to eye muscle issues.
When to contact a doctor
Although double vision is not usually serious, a person experiencing it should speak with their doctor to find out what is causing it. The doctor can perform some eye tests and refer the person to an eye specialist, if required.
The treatment a person receives for double vision will depend on the cause. The doctor will be able to speak with a person about which treatment option is best suited for them.
A person should seek immediate medical attention if they have sudden double vision or if double vision occurs alongside:
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weakness
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paralysis
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numbness
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speech or language problems
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difficulty swallowing
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difficulty walking
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a headache
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clumsiness
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eye pain
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bulging of the eyes
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a recent head injury
Summary
Although double vision is not usually serious, many conditions can cause it.
A person who has double vision due to convergence insufficiency may be able to relieve it by performing certain eye exercises.
Anyone who has double vision, even if it is only temporary, should contact a doctor to determine the cause. Anyone who experiences double vision along with any other worrying symptoms should seek medical help immediately.
12 causes of sudden blurry vision
People experiencing sudden blurry vision may find it difficult to see clearly or manage their usual tasks. Although not all instances are a cause for concern, some may require medical treatment.
Keep reading for more information on what can cause sudden blurry vision, when to seek urgent medical advice, and the treatment options available.
1. Detached retina
A detached retina occurs when the retina, which is the thin layer at the back of the eye, pulls away from the blood vessels that provide it with essential oxygen and nutrients.
According to the National Eye Institute, symptoms can appear quickly. Without rapid treatment, permanent damage and vision loss can occur.
Symptoms can include:
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gray or black specks floating in their vision
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a shadow on the sides or middle of the person’s vision
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flashes of light that can occur in one or both eyes
Treatment
There may be permanent damage to vision without rapid treatment.
Treatment will include reattaching the retina. A doctor may recommend freeze treatment, laser surgery, or surgery.
2. Concussion
A concussion occurs when a person experiences an injury to the head.
Along with visual changes, symptoms of a concussion can include:
Treatment
After a doctor has ensured that the injury is not severe, treatment focuses on reducing the symptoms.
A person may need to rest for roughly 24–48 hours
A person can also take over-the-counter (OTC) analgesics to help reduce headache symptoms.
According to a 2020 article, a person should avoid taking medications that can alter a person’s cognitive function and sleep patterns, as these might hide symptoms of a concussion.
3. Stroke
Strokes can cause vision to become blurry in one or both eyes.
Symptoms of a stroke include:
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numbness in the face, leg, or arm, typically on one side of the body
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confusion and difficulty speaking, or understanding
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difficulty seeing in one or both eyes
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difficulty walking, as well as dizziness and lack of coordination
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sudden and severe headache
If a person thinks that someone is experiencing a stroke, they should call the emergency services immediately and follow the procedure set out by the acronym FAST:
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F for face: Ask the person to smile and note if one side of the face has dropped.
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A for arms: Ask the person to raise both of their arms and note if one arm drifts downwards.
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S for speech: Ask a person to repeat a simple phrase. Make a note if they slur their speech.
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T for time: If any of the above has occurred, call the emergency services immediately.
Treatment
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), treatments are more effective within 3 hours of the onset of the first symptoms.
Treatment for a stroke will depend on the type of stroke, which part of the brain it affects and what caused the stroke.
4. Endophthalmitis
Endophthalmitis is a severe infection and inflammation of the fluid or tissue inside the eye.
As well as sudden blurry vision, symptoms may include:
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eye pain
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redness
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sensitivity to light.
According to the American Academy of Ophthalmology, blindness can occur if a person does not receive treatment quickly.
Treatment
Treatment can include antibiotic or antifungal injections. Emergency surgery may be necessary.
5. Hyphema
A hyphema occurs when blood pools in the eye. Injury, trauma, and infections can cause a hyphema.
Symptoms may include:
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bleeding in the eye
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light sensitivity
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pain
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blurry vision
Treatment
To treat a hyphema, a person may need to:
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wear a shield over the eye
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rest
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raise the head of the bed to help the eye drain
A person may need also need eye drops.
If the hyphema causes high pressure in the eye, an ophthalmologist may offer to remove the blood surgically.
6. Giant cell arteritis (GCA)
GCA, or temporal arteritis, is an inflammation of the blood vessels in the temples.
As well as blurry vision, a person with GCA may also experience headaches.
According to the American College of Rheumatology, it only affects adults, typically those over the age of 50.
Treatment
Treatment with corticosteroids should begin as soon as possible, to help prevent permanent damage to vision.
7. Age-related macular degeneration
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a disease that can affect the retina, causing vision to become blurry.
According to the National Eye Institute, AMD is more common in older adults, and it can occur in one or both eyes.
Treatment
According to the National Eye Institute, there is no treatment for the early stages of AMD.
Lifestyle changes, such as giving up smoking, can help to slow its progression in the early stages.
If the disease progresses, a doctor may recommend injections of medications into the eye to improve symptoms, or laser treatment to slow vision loss.
8. Macular hole
Macular holes are small breaks or tears in the macula and typically affect adults over the age of 60.
People with a macular hole may notice distortion or blurriness when they look straight ahead, and straight lines may appear wavy.
Treatment
Some macular holes can repair themselves over time. However, in most cases, a doctor will recommend a surgical procedure called a vitrectomy.
9. Optic nerve inflammation (optic neuritis)
The optic nerve connects the eye and the brain, transferring visual information from the retina to the brain.
Inflammation of the nerve can cause vision to become distorted or blurry.
Symptoms include:
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pain around the eyes
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loss of color vision
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flashing lights
Treatment
Optic neuritis typically improves on its own. However, if symptoms are severe, a doctor may prescribe steroids to speed up the recovery.
Eating a healthful, balanced diet, staying hydrated, and not smoking may also help.
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10. Eye infections
Some eye infections may require swift medical treatment, depending on the severity of the symptoms.
Keratitis
Keratitis is inflammation or infection of the cornea.
Symptoms include tearing, redness, irritation, and pain in the eye.
Treatment will depend on the underlying reason for the inflammation but may include antibiotic, antiviral, or antifungal medication in the form of eye drops or pills.
Conjunctivitis
Conjunctivitis is a bacterial or viral infection that affects the blood vessels in the membrane around the eyeball. Allergies can also cause conjunctivitis.
Symptoms may include blurry vision, eye discharge, and pink or red coloration of the whites of the eyes.
A doctor may prescribe topical or oral antibiotics for a bacterial infection or recommend OTC antihistamines for conjunctivitis triggered by an allergy.
There is no treatment for a viral infection.
Orbital cellulitis
Cellulitis is a bacterial or fungal infection that can affect the eyelids and the eyeball.
Symptoms may also include bulging of the eye, trouble moving the eye, and fever.
Treatment may include antibiotics or surgery to drain fluid from the eye.
Uveitis
Uveitis is inflammation of the uvea, the middle part of the eye, which also contains the iris.
Doctors call specific inflammation of the iris, iritis.
Bacterial or fungal infections typically cause uveitis.
Symptoms may include blurry vision, pain, and sensitivity to light, and it can affect one or both eyes.
Steroids can treat uveitis.
11. Migraine
Migraine attacks are sometimes preceded by an aura, which can cause blurry vision and flashing lights.
Treatment
Treatment can involve prevention and relieving the symptoms during the migraine attack.
Prevention typically involves medications and behavioral changes.
Taking prescribed medication should help to ease symptoms.
12. Eye strain
Using screens for a long time or focusing on something for an extended period without a break can cause eye strain.
This may lead to sudden blurry vision, itchy eyes, or headaches.
Taking regular breaks to rest your eyes will help relieve the symptoms.
When to seek help
People with sudden blurry vision and one or more of the following symptoms of a stroke, should call 911 or go to their nearest emergency room:
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numbness or weakness in the face, leg, or arm, on one side of the body
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confusion and difficulty speaking or understanding others
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difficulty walking, dizziness, or lack of coordination
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a severe headache
Vision loss or blurry vision accompanied by severe eye pain needs immediate treatment.
This will help to prevent further damage to the eye or help to identify a serious underlying health condition that has caused the blurry vision.
Summary
Not all causes of sudden blurry vision need urgent medical treatment.
However, if a person with sudden blurry vision thinks they may be having a stroke, is experiencing severe eye pain, or thinks they may have a detached retina, they should call 911 or go to their nearest emergency room.
People with unexplained sudden blurry vision should seek advice from a healthcare provider, ophthalmologist or optometrist, as soon as possible, even if the episode has passed.
What causes blurry vision in one eye?
There are a number of causes of blurry vision in one eye. Among the most common ones are refractive errors, which can lead to long- or short-sightedness. Other possible causes include infections, migraine, and cataracts.
Most causes of blurry vision are not serious. However, it is important to consult a doctor about sudden or persistent blurry vision, as it could be a symptom of a condition that requires treatment.
This article will look at some of the causes of blurry vision in one eye, along with the symptoms and treatments.
Is it serious?
In many cases, blurry vision is not a sign of a life threatening condition. However, sudden vision changes can sometimes mean a person needs emergency treatment. Being aware of the signs of these conditions can help with deciding when to seek help.
Anyone who experiences blurry vision along with any of the following symptoms should seek emergency medical attention:
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a sudden, severe headache
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a headache following a knock to the head
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difficulty staying awake
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drooping or numbness on one side of the face
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inability to raise one or both arms
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slurred speech
People with diabetes should also seek help right away if they experience:
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sudden vision changes, such as flashes of light
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many more eye floaters than usual
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vision that resembles a curtain being pulled over the eyes
Read on to find out about some of the more common causes of blurry vision in one eye.
Refractive errors
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)state that refractive errors are the most common cause of eye problems in the United States.
Refractive errors include:
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nearsightedness, or myopia
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farsightedness, or hyperopia
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astigmatism, or distorted vision at all distances
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presbyopia, or difficulty seeing objects up close
The most common symptom of a refractive error is blurry vision, but it can also cause:
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hazy vision
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seeing halos around bright lights
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headaches
Eyeglasses or contact lenses can help people with refractive errors see more clearly. However, some people may need surgery.
Eye infection
Bacteria, fungi, and viruses can all cause an eye infection, and they can affect one or both eyes. Potential symptoms of an eye infection include:
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swelling
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discharge or crust around the eyes
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vision problems, including blurry vision
Conjunctivitis, or pinkeye, is a common type of eye infection. Other types, such as cellulitis, can be severe if a person does not receive treatment.
If a person has the symptoms of an eye infection, they should seek medical care. Depending on the cause, treatment could involve eye drops, topical medications, or oral antibiotics.
Migraine
Migraine is a condition that causes moderate to severe headaches. Some people also experience auras, which are sensory disturbances that occur before or during a headache.
Aura symptoms can include:
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blurry vision
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short-term vision loss
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seeing shapes or zig-zag lines
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tingling
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difficulty speaking
According to the American Migraine Foundation, these symptoms will usually last 20–60 minutes for those who experience aura. People can also have silent migraine, which is a migraine with aura but no pain.
Treatment for migraine usually involves pain relievers. Over-the-counter medications may be sufficient for those with an occasional migraine. However, those with frequent episodes may require prescription options, such as triptans, to manage the condition.
Cataract
Cataracts develop when the lens of the eye clouds over, causing blurry vision. This can happen in one or both eyes. Cataracts tend to be age-related and are common in older adults.
The symptoms of cataracts can come on over time. They include:
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blurry vision
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hazy vision
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less colorful vision
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difficulty seeing at night
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difficulty reading
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seeing double
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seeing a halo around lights
The only way to treat cataracts is through surgery. During the operation, a surgeon will replace the clouded lens with an artificial one.
Age-related macular degeneration
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) affects the macula, which is the part of the eye that enables people to see fine details. The condition can start in one eye and progress to the other, causing a loss of sharp or central vision.
There are two types of AMD:
Wet AMD
Wet AMD occurs when blood vessels form behind the retina and under the macula. These bleed and leak into the eye, scarring and damaging it.
Straight lines appearing wavy is an early symptom of wet AMD.
Dry AMD
As people get older, the macula gets thinner, leading to blurry vision. This is the most common form of AMD, accounting for 70–90% of cases. Drusen, or tiny yellow or white deposits under the retina, are the most common early sign of dry AMD.
There is no cure for either type of AMD. However, there are things people can do to slow its progression, including:
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eating a balanced diet
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exercising regularly
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maintaining healthy blood pressure and cholesterol levels
In people with wet AMD, doctors may also recommend anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs or laser treatment.
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Diabetes
For people living with diabetes, blurry vision may be a sign of diabetic eye disease. This occurs when high blood glucose levels damage the blood vessels in the eye, causing conditions such as:
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diabetic macular edema
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cataracts
There are often no early symptoms of diabetic eye disease, but a person may experience:
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blurry vision
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vision that changes from day to day
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areas of darkness or vision loss
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a loss of color vision
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dark strings or floaters
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flashes of light
It is important for people with diabetes to get annual dilated eye exams, as these can help doctors detect early signs of damage.
People can lower the risk of these complications by managing their blood glucose levels, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels.
Treatment for existing diabetic eye disease may involve medications, laser procedures, surgery, or a combination of all three.
Stroke
Sometimes, blurry vision is a sign of stroke. A stroke happens when something stops blood from getting to part of the brain. This might be a blood vessel blockage or rupture.
People can remember the symptoms of a stroke by acting F.A.S.T. This acronym stands for:
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face drooping
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arm weakness
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speech difficulty
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time to call 911
Sudden trouble seeing or walking or a severe headache can also be symptoms of stroke. Treatment may include medications to break up blood clots, procedures to repair blood vessels, or surgery.
If a person has these symptoms, do not hesitate to call for an ambulance. Paramedics can begin treatment on the way to the hospital.
Can COVID-19 cause blurry vision?
Some people with COVID-19 experience conjunctivitis, which can cause blurry vision, red or watery eyes, and a sensation that a foreign object is in the eye. As with other types of viral conjunctivitis, these symptoms will usually go away on their own.
However, it is important to stay indoors and seek testing if COVID-19 is a possibility. Even with few or mild symptoms, it is possible to transmit the virus that causes COVID-19 to others.
Other symptoms of COVID-19 include:
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muscle or body aches
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headache
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stuffy or runny nose
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feeling or being sick
Anyone who suspects they have COVID-19 can find out how to get tested by contacting their local health authority or visiting its website.
Summary
A number of things can cause blurry vision in one eye. Refractive errors are a common cause, as are age-related conditions, such as cataracts and AMD. Some people with migraine may experience blurry vision if they get aura or silent migraine.
A doctor can diagnose the cause of blurry vision and recommend the best options for treatment. However, if a person may have conjunctivitis as a result of COVID-19, it is important to call ahead before visiting a healthcare professional in person.
People with sudden vision changes or loss should seek immediate medical help, particularly if they also have underlying conditions, such as diabetes.
Top 10 foods for healthy eyes
People often believe that failing eyesight is an inevitable result of aging or eye strain. In truth, a healthy lifestyle can significantly reduce the risk of eye health problems.
The Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS), published in 2001, found that certain nutrients — zinc, copper, vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta carotene — may reduce the risk of age-related decline in eye health by 25 percent
This study was updated in 2013 to test different versions of the original formula. The variations included omega-3 fatty acids, zeaxanthin, lutein, and beta carotene; the study found that certain combinations may work better than others.
Further studies agree that omega-3 fatty acids (including DHA), copper, lutein, and zeaxanthin are vital for eye health.
In this article, we look at the evidence for 10 nutrient-rich foods to boost eye health. We also discuss other tips for healthy eyes and eye health warning signs.
Ten best foods for eye health
Organizations such as the American Optometric Association (AOA) and the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) continue to recommend nutrients for eye health based on the AREDS reports.
The AREDS reports support the following 10 nutrient-rich foods:
1. Fish
Many fish are rich sources of omega-3 fatty acids.
Oily fish are fish that have oil in their gut and body tissue, so eating them offers higher levels of omega-3-rich fish oil. The fish that contains the most beneficial levels of omega-3s include:
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tuna
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salmon
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trout
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mackerel
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sardines
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anchovies
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herring
Some studies have found that fish oil can reverse dry eye, including dry eye caused by spending too much time on a computer.
2. Nuts and legumes
Nuts are also rich in omega-3 fatty acids. Nuts also contain a high level of vitamin E, which can protect the eye from age-related damage.
Nuts are available for purchase in most grocery stores and online. Nuts and legumes that are good for eye health include:
3. Seeds
Like nuts and legumes, seeds are high in omega-3s and are a rich source of vitamin E.
Seeds are available for purchase in most grocery stores and online. Seeds high in omega-3 include:
4. Citrus fruits
Citrus fruits are rich in vitamin C. Just like vitamin E, vitamin C is an antioxidant that is recommended by the AOA to fight age-related eye damage.
Vitamin C-rich citrus fruits include:
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lemons
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oranges
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grapefruits
5. Leafy green vegetables
Leafy green vegetables are rich in both lutein and zeaxanthin and are also a good source of eye-friendly vitamin C.
Well-known leafy greens include:
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spinach
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collards
6. Carrots
Carrots are rich in both Vitamin A and beta carotene. Beta carotene gives carrots their orange color.Vitamin A plays an essential role in vision. It is a component of a protein called rhodopsin, which helps the retina to absorb light.
Research on beta carotene’s role in vision is mixed, though the body needs this nutrient to make vitamin A.
7. Sweet potatoes
Like carrots, sweet potatoes are rich in beta carotene. They are also a good source of the antioxidant vitamin E.
8. Beef
Beef is rich in zinc, which has been linked to better long-term eye health. Zinc can help delay age-related sight loss and macular degeneration.
The eye itself contains high levels of zinc, particularly in the retina, and the vascular tissue surrounding the retina.
Meats such as chicken breast and pork loin also contain zinc, but at lower levels than beef.
9. Eggs
Eggs are an excellent source of lutein and zeaxanthin, which can reduce the risk of age-related sight loss. Eggs are also good sources of vitamins C and E, and zinc.
10. Water
It may come as no surprise that a fluid essential to life is also vital to eye health.
Drinking plenty of water can prevent dehydration, which may reduce the symptoms of dry eyes.
Recommended daily intake
The current daily recommendations for healthy eye nutrients, as suggested by the AAO to slow the progression of eye disease, are:
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500 milligrams (mg) of vitamin C
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400 international units of vitamin E
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10 mg lutein
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2 mg zeaxanthin
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80 mg of zinc oxide
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2 mg of copper oxide
Other eye health tips
According to the AAO, the following strategies can help to ensure healthy eyes:
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wearing sunglasses outside, since excessive sun exposure can cause cataracts. A range of sunglasses is available for purchase online.
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stopping smoking
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getting regular eye exams, particularly if there is a family history of eye disease
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wearing eye protection when working with possible eye irritants or dangerous chemicals
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washing hands before applying contacts
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wearing contacts only for the period recommended by the doctor or manufacturer
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protecting eyes from computer-related eye strain by looking away every 20 minutes at something 20 feet away, for 20 seconds
Diabetes is a leading cause of blindness. People with diabetes should carefully monitor blood sugar levels, take medications exactly as prescribed by their doctor, and manage carbohydrate intake while focusing on eating low-moderate glycemic index (GI) foods.
Early treatment for eye health problems can prevent them from getting worse. So people who notice changes in their vision should schedule a comprehensive eye exam with an optometrist or ophthalmologist.
Warning signs for eye health
Possible symptoms that a person may be experiencing vision trouble include:
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frequent changes in visual clarity
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seeing distorted images
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seeing floaters or flashes in the field of vision
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reduced peripheral vision
Summary
Eating a varied diet that includes lots of fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins is enough to ensure most people get the right nutrients for eye health.
People who cannot get these nutrients from their diet should ask an eye doctor about eye health supplements.
People with vision problems or those with very restrictive diets should talk to an eye health provider about the right foods to eat.
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